{"id":1113,"date":"2026-03-28T21:22:39","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T21:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/attorney.sa\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T21:26:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T21:26:08","slug":"shareholder-agreement-saudi-arabia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/attorney.sa\/ar\/shareholder-agreement-saudi-arabia\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1113\" class=\"elementor elementor-1113\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00ac1fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00ac1fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-172688c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"172688c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   VISITED LINK FIX\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n.sa-related-card:visited .sa-related-card-title { color: #004D40; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-link:visited { color: #004D40; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-link:visited { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); }\r\n.sa-contact-directions-link:visited { color: #C9A46E !important; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 1 \u2014 HERO\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-section {\r\n  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #004D40 0%, #00332A 100%);\r\n  padding: 40px 0 72px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;\r\n}\r\n.sa-hero-section::before {\r\n  content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;\r\n  background-image: radial-gradient(circle at 78% 22%, rgba(201,164,110,0.09) 0%, transparent 55%), radial-gradient(circle at 14% 76%, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 0%, transparent 50%);\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n.sa-hero-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 20px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-breadcrumb { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 28px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-link { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); text-decoration: none !important; transition: color 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-link:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-sep { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-current { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border: 1px solid rgba(201,164,110,0.3); border-radius: 20px; padding: 6px 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; }\r\n.sa-hero-badge svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n.sa-hero-badge-text { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: #C9A46E; }\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-h1 { font-size: 48px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0 0 8px 0; line-height: 1.15; letter-spacing: -0.5px; max-width: 800px; }\r\n.sa-hero-h1 .gold { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-hero-subtitle { font-size: 19px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); line-height: 1.65; margin: 0 0 36px 0; max-width: 700px; }\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 48px; }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-primary { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 15px 32px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-primary:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-primary svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-primary:hover svg { transform: translateX(3px); }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-secondary { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: transparent; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85) !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 15px 28px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-hero-btn-secondary:hover { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); color: #ffffff !important; }\r\n\r\n.sa-hero-trust { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 28px; flex-wrap: wrap; padding-top: 36px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); }\r\n.sa-hero-trust-item { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }\r\n.sa-hero-trust-item svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-hero-trust-text { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); font-weight: 500; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SHARED STYLES\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-section-light { padding: 72px 0; background: #ffffff; }\r\n.sa-section-tinted { padding: 72px 0; background: #FCFCFA; }\r\n.sa-section-dark { padding: 72px 0; background: #004D40; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-section-dark::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset: 0; background-image: radial-gradient(circle at 90% 10%, rgba(201,164,110,0.07) 0%, transparent 50%); pointer-events: none; }\r\n\r\n.sa-container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 20px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }\r\n\r\n.sa-section-header { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 52px; }\r\n.sa-label { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.06); border-radius: 20px; padding: 5px 14px; margin-bottom: 16px; }\r\n.sa-label svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n.sa-label-text { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em; }\r\n.sa-label-dark { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border: 1px solid rgba(201,164,110,0.25); border-radius: 20px; padding: 5px 14px; margin-bottom: 16px; }\r\n.sa-label-dark svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n.sa-label-dark-text { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; color: #C9A46E; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em; }\r\n\r\n.sa-title { font-size: 36px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 16px 0; line-height: 1.2; }\r\n.sa-title .line2 { display: block; color: #C9A46E; margin-top: 2px; }\r\n.sa-title-dark { font-size: 36px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0 0 16px 0; line-height: 1.2; }\r\n.sa-title-dark .line2 { display: block; color: #C9A46E; margin-top: 2px; }\r\n.sa-underline { height: 4px; width: 64px; background: #C9A46E; border-radius: 9999px; margin: 0 auto 20px; }\r\n.sa-subtitle { font-size: 17px; color: rgba(0,77,64,0.75); max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; line-height: 1.7; }\r\n.sa-subtitle-dark { font-size: 17px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; line-height: 1.7; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 2 \u2014 WHAT IS A SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENT\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-what-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-what-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n.sa-what-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }\r\n.sa-what-body { font-size: 16px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.85; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-what-body strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-what-body a { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }\r\n.sa-what-body a:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n\r\n.sa-covers-card { background: #f4f9f7; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 12px; padding: 28px 24px; }\r\n.sa-covers-title { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; margin: 0 0 16px 0; }\r\n.sa-covers-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-covers-item { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; font-size: 14px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-covers-item svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2.5; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px; }\r\n\r\n.sa-what-right { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }\r\n.sa-highlight-card { background: #004D40; border-radius: 14px; padding: 32px 28px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }\r\n.sa-highlight-icon { width: 52px; height: 52px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border-radius: 12px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\r\n.sa-highlight-icon svg { width: 26px; height: 26px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-highlight-title { font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-highlight-text { font-size: 15px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); line-height: 1.75; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-highlight-text strong { color: #C9A46E; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-highlight-cta { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; align-self: flex-start; }\r\n.sa-highlight-cta:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-highlight-cta svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n.sa-warning-box { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.08); border: 1px solid rgba(201,164,110,0.25); border-left: 4px solid #C9A46E; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px 22px; display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: flex-start; }\r\n.sa-warning-box svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px; }\r\n.sa-warning-title { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 4px 0; }\r\n.sa-warning-text { font-size: 13px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.65; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-warning-text strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 3 \u2014 KEY CLAUSES (dark)\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-clauses-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; }\r\n@media (min-width: 768px) { .sa-clauses-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-clauses-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); } }\r\n\r\n.sa-clause-card { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); border-radius: 12px; padding: 26px 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-clause-card:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); transform: translateY(-4px); }\r\n.sa-clause-card-icon { width: 46px; height: 46px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border-radius: 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\r\n.sa-clause-card-icon svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-clause-card-title { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-clause-card-desc { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); line-height: 1.7; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-clause-card-desc strong { color: #C9A46E; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-clause-card-why { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; color: #C9A46E; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.1); border-radius: 4px; padding: 3px 8px; align-self: flex-start; }\r\n\r\n.sa-clauses-cta { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.1); border: 1px solid rgba(201,164,110,0.2); border-radius: 12px; padding: 28px 32px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-left { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0 0 6px 0; }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-sub { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; transition: all 0.3s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-btn:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-clauses-cta-btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 4 \u2014 WHEN YOU NEED ONE\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-when-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; }\r\n@media (min-width: 768px) { .sa-when-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-when-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n\r\n.sa-when-card { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 14px; padding: 28px 24px; display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: flex-start; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-when-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -6px rgba(0,77,64,0.1); transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: rgba(201,164,110,0.2); }\r\n.sa-when-card-icon { width: 48px; height: 48px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; transition: background 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-when-card:hover .sa-when-card-icon { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); }\r\n.sa-when-card-icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; transition: stroke 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-when-card:hover .sa-when-card-icon svg { stroke: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-when-card-body { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-when-card-title { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 8px 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-when-card-desc { font-size: 14px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-when-card-desc strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n.sa-when-cta { background: #004D40; border-radius: 12px; padding: 28px 36px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\r\n.sa-when-cta-left { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-when-cta-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0 0 6px 0; }\r\n.sa-when-cta-sub { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-when-cta-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; transition: all 0.3s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-when-cta-btn:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-when-cta-btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 5 \u2014 COMMON MISTAKES\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-mistakes-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; }\r\n@media (min-width: 768px) { .sa-mistakes-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-mistakes-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); } }\r\n\r\n.sa-mistake { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 12px; padding: 24px 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; transition: all 0.3s ease; position: relative; }\r\n.sa-mistake::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px; background: linear-gradient(90deg,#004D40,#C9A46E); border-radius: 12px 12px 0 0; }\r\n.sa-mistake:hover { box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -6px rgba(0,77,64,0.1); transform: translateY(-3px); }\r\n.sa-mistake-num { font-size: 30px; font-weight: 700; color: rgba(201,164,110,0.2); line-height: 1; }\r\n.sa-mistake-title { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: -4px 0 0 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-mistake-desc { font-size: 13px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-mistake-desc strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-mistake-fix { background: rgba(0,77,64,0.04); border-radius: 6px; padding: 10px 12px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(0,77,64,0.8); line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-mistake-fix strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta { background: #004D40; border-radius: 12px; padding: 28px 36px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-left { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0 0 6px 0; }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-sub { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; transition: all 0.3s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-btn:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-mistakes-cta-btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 6 \u2014 SAUDI LAW SPECIFICS\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-law-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-law-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n.sa-law-items { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }\r\n.sa-law-item { display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: flex-start; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.06); }\r\n.sa-law-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0; }\r\n.sa-law-item-icon { width: 44px; height: 44px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.07); border-radius: 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; transition: background 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-law-item:hover .sa-law-item-icon { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); }\r\n.sa-law-item-icon svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; transition: stroke 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-law-item:hover .sa-law-item-icon svg { stroke: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-law-item-body { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-law-item-title { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 7px 0; }\r\n.sa-law-item-text { font-size: 14px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-law-item-text strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n.sa-law-right { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; position: sticky; top: 24px; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-card { background: #004D40; border-radius: 14px; padding: 28px 24px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-icon { width: 48px; height: 48px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border-radius: 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-icon svg { width: 24px; height: 24px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; margin: 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-text { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); line-height: 1.75; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-text strong { color: #C9A46E; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 14px 24px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-law-cta-btn:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-law-cta-btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n.sa-law-link-card { background: #f4f9f7; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.1); border-left: 4px solid #C9A46E; border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px; }\r\n.sa-law-link-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 12px 0; }\r\n.sa-law-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 9px; }\r\n.sa-law-link { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: #004D40; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none !important; transition: color 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-law-link:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-law-link svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 7 \u2014 ABOUT\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 56px; align-items: center; }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n.sa-about-image-wrap { position: relative; }\r\n.sa-about-image-container { background: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(0,77,64,0.05) 0%,rgba(201,164,110,0.05) 100%); border-radius: 16px; padding: 20px; }\r\n.sa-about-image-inner { position: relative; border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-about-img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; border-radius: 12px; filter: grayscale(100%); transition: filter 0.7s ease; }\r\n.sa-about-image-container:hover .sa-about-img { filter: grayscale(0%); }\r\n.sa-about-image-overlay { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background: linear-gradient(to top,rgba(0,77,64,0.5) 0%,transparent 60%); opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.5s ease; pointer-events: none; }\r\n.sa-about-image-container:hover .sa-about-image-overlay { opacity: 1; }\r\n.sa-about-badge { position: absolute; bottom: 32px; left: 32px; background: #ffffff; border-radius: 10px; padding: 14px 18px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); z-index: 2; }\r\n.sa-about-badge-icon { width: 36px; height: 36px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-about-badge-icon svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-about-badge-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; color: #C9A46E; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em; }\r\n.sa-about-badge-value { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: #004D40; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n\r\n.sa-about-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 22px; }\r\n.sa-about-title { font-size: 36px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 16px 0; line-height: 1.2; }\r\n.sa-about-title .line2 { display: block; color: #C9A46E; margin-top: 2px; }\r\n.sa-about-underline { height: 4px; width: 64px; background: #C9A46E; border-radius: 9999px; }\r\n.sa-about-creds { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }\r\n.sa-about-cred { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; background: #f0f7f4; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.15); border-radius: 6px; padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; color: #004D40; }\r\n.sa-about-cred svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-about-text { font-size: 15px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-about-text strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n.sa-about-actions { display: flex; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; }\r\n.sa-about-btn-primary { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: #004D40; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-about-btn-primary:hover { background: #C9A46E; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-about-btn-primary svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-about-btn-primary:hover svg { transform: translateX(3px); }\r\n.sa-about-btn-secondary { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; background: transparent; color: #004D40 !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 13px 24px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.2); transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-about-btn-secondary:hover { border-color: #C9A46E; color: #C9A46E !important; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 8 \u2014 FAQ\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-faq-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; max-width: 1000px; margin: 0 auto; }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-faq-grid { grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n.sa-faq-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.1); border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-faq-item { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); background: #ffffff; }\r\n.sa-faq-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\r\n.sa-faq-item.active { background: #f4f9f7; }\r\n.sa-faq-question { width: 100%; background: none; border: none; padding: 20px 24px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; cursor: pointer; text-align: left; transition: background 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-question:hover { background: rgba(0,77,64,0.04); }\r\n.sa-faq-question-text { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; color: #004D40; line-height: 1.4; transition: color 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-question:hover .sa-faq-question-text, .sa-faq-item.active .sa-faq-question-text { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-faq-item.active .sa-faq-question { background: #f4f9f7; }\r\n.sa-faq-icon { width: 28px; height: 28px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-question:hover .sa-faq-icon { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); }\r\n.sa-faq-item.active .sa-faq-icon { background: #C9A46E; transform: rotate(45deg); }\r\n.sa-faq-icon svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 2.5; transition: stroke 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-question:hover .sa-faq-icon svg { stroke: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-faq-item.active .sa-faq-icon svg { stroke: #ffffff; }\r\n.sa-faq-answer { max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.4s ease; background: #f4f9f7; }\r\n.sa-faq-item.active .sa-faq-answer { max-height: 600px; }\r\n.sa-faq-answer-inner { padding: 4px 24px 22px; font-size: 14px; color: #4a5568; line-height: 1.8; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); }\r\n.sa-faq-answer-inner a { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }\r\n.sa-faq-answer-inner a:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-faq-answer-inner strong { color: #004D40; font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; position: sticky; top: 24px; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-card { background: #f4f9f7; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.1); border-radius: 12px; padding: 24px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-icon { width: 44px; height: 44px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 10px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-icon svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-title { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0; line-height: 1.3; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-text { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(0,77,64,0.75); line-height: 1.7; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; background: #004D40; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 12px 20px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-btn:hover { background: #C9A46E; transform: translateY(-2px); }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-btn svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n.sa-faq-divider { height: 1px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-links { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-link { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: #004D40; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none !important; transition: color 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-link:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-faq-sidebar-link svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 9 \u2014 RELATED PAGES\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-related-groups { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 36px; }\r\n.sa-related-group-label { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; color: #C9A46E; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; margin: 0 0 16px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }\r\n.sa-related-group-label::after { content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.08); }\r\n\r\n.sa-related-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }\r\n@media (min-width: 640px) { .sa-related-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-related-grid-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); } .sa-related-grid-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); } }\r\n\r\n.sa-related-card { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); border-radius: 12px; padding: 22px 24px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 16px; text-decoration: none !important; transition: all 0.3s ease; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-related-card::before { content: ''; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 3px; background: linear-gradient(180deg,#004D40,#C9A46E); transform: scaleY(0); transform-origin: top; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 12px 28px -6px rgba(0,77,64,0.12); border-color: rgba(201,164,110,0.2); }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover::before { transform: scaleY(1); }\r\n.sa-related-card-icon { width: 42px; height: 42px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.07); border-radius: 9px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; transition: background 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover .sa-related-card-icon { background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); }\r\n.sa-related-card-icon svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke: #004D40; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; transition: stroke 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover .sa-related-card-icon svg { stroke: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-related-card-body { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-related-card-title { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; color: #004D40; margin: 0 0 4px 0; line-height: 1.35; transition: color 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover .sa-related-card-title { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-related-card-desc { font-size: 12px; color: #6b7280; line-height: 1.55; margin: 0; }\r\n.sa-related-card-arrow { width: 20px; height: 20px; stroke: rgba(0,77,64,0.3); fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 2px; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-related-card:hover .sa-related-card-arrow { stroke: #C9A46E; transform: translateX(3px); }\r\n\r\n.sa-related-breadcrumb { margin-top: 48px; padding-top: 32px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,77,64,0.08); display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-label { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; color: rgba(0,77,64,0.5); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; margin-right: 4px; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-pill { font-size: 13px; color: #004D40; text-decoration: none !important; font-weight: 500; padding: 4px 12px; background: rgba(0,77,64,0.06); border-radius: 20px; transition: all 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-breadcrumb-pill:hover { background: #004D40; color: #ffffff !important; }\r\n\r\n\/* ============================================================\r\n   SECTION 10 \u2014 CONTACT\r\n   ============================================================ *\/\r\n\r\n.sa-contact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; }\r\n@media (min-width: 1024px) { .sa-contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; align-items: center; } }\r\n\r\n.sa-contact-content { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 28px; }\r\n.sa-contact-details { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-row { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 14px; padding: 18px 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06); transition: background 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-row:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04); }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-icon { width: 36px; height: 36px; background: rgba(201,164,110,0.15); border-radius: 8px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; flex-shrink: 0; margin-top: 1px; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-icon svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 1.5; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-body { flex: 1; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; color: #C9A46E; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; margin-bottom: 3px; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-value { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.55; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-link { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); text-decoration: none !important; transition: color 0.2s ease; }\r\n.sa-contact-detail-link:hover { color: #C9A46E; }\r\n.sa-contact-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; background: #C9A46E; color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-contact-btn:hover { background: #ffffff; color: #004D40 !important; transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }\r\n.sa-contact-btn svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; transition: transform 0.3s ease; }\r\n.sa-contact-btn:hover svg { transform: translateX(3px); }\r\n.sa-contact-disclaimer { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }\r\n.sa-contact-disclaimer svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n\r\n.sa-contact-map-card { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-label { padding: 14px 20px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }\r\n.sa-contact-map-label svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; stroke: #C9A46E; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-label-text { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); }\r\n.sa-contact-map-label-sub { font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); margin-left: auto; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-iframe-wrap { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 60%; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-iframe { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: none; display: block; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-footer { padding: 12px 20px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; }\r\n.sa-contact-map-address { font-size: 12px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); line-height: 1.4; }\r\n.sa-contact-directions-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; color: #C9A46E !important; text-decoration: none !important; white-space: nowrap; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; flex-shrink: 0; }\r\n.sa-contact-directions-link:hover { opacity: 0.8; }\r\n.sa-contact-directions-link svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; stroke: currentColor; fill: none; stroke-width: 2; }\r\n\r\n\/* RESPONSIVE *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\r\n  .sa-hero-h1 { font-size: 32px; }\r\n  .sa-title, .sa-title-dark, .sa-about-title { font-size: 26px; }\r\n  .sa-hero-btn-primary, .sa-hero-btn-secondary { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }\r\n  .sa-clauses-cta, .sa-when-cta, .sa-mistakes-cta { flex-direction: column; padding: 24px; }\r\n  .sa-clauses-cta-btn, .sa-when-cta-btn, .sa-mistakes-cta-btn { width: 100%; justify-content: center; }\r\n  .sa-faq-sidebar, .sa-law-right { position: static; }\r\n  .sa-about-actions { flex-direction: column; }\r\n  .sa-about-btn-primary, .sa-about-btn-secondary { justify-content: center; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 480px) {\r\n  .sa-hero-h1 { font-size: 26px; }\r\n  .sa-contact-map-iframe-wrap { padding-bottom: 75%; }\r\n}\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<!-- FAQ Schema -->\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Is a shareholder agreement required by Saudi law?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"No \u2014 Saudi law does not require a shareholder agreement as a separate document. The Articles of Association are the mandatory corporate document filed with the Ministry of Commerce. However, the Articles of Association are a public document with limited flexibility, and they cannot practically address all the governance, economic, and exit issues that arise between shareholders. A shareholder agreement supplements the Articles of Association as a private, binding contract between the shareholders \u2014 covering matters the Articles cannot or should not make public. For any company with more than one shareholder, particularly one involving a foreign investor, a shareholder agreement is essential even if not legally mandatory.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"What is the difference between a shareholder agreement and Articles of Association in Saudi Arabia?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"The Articles of Association (AoA) is a public corporate document filed with the Ministry of Commerce that establishes the company's legal existence and basic governance framework. It is required by law and its contents are publicly accessible. A shareholder agreement is a private contract between the shareholders that supplements the AoA \u2014 covering commercially sensitive matters like profit distribution formulas, performance obligations, non-compete restrictions, IP contributions, deadlock resolution, and exit rights that the parties do not want on public record. In Saudi Arabia, if there is a conflict between the two documents, the Articles of Association generally prevail in dealings with third parties \u2014 so the shareholder agreement must be drafted to work alongside, not in conflict with, the AoA.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can a shareholder agreement be enforced in Saudi Arabia?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Yes \u2014 a properly drafted shareholder agreement governed by Saudi law is enforceable before Saudi courts and SCCA arbitration tribunals. The enforceability depends on the agreement being correctly structured: it must comply with Saudi Companies Law, not contain provisions that violate Saudi public order or Sharia principles, be executed in Arabic or accompanied by a certified Arabic translation, and include a valid dispute resolution clause. Shareholder agreements that include simple interest charges, unlimited liability waivers, or foreign court jurisdiction may face enforcement challenges in Saudi proceedings.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"What happens if shareholders disagree and there is no shareholder agreement?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Without a shareholder agreement, disagreements between shareholders are resolved by the Articles of Association and the Saudi Companies Law \u2014 both of which are designed for general situations and frequently produce outcomes that neither shareholder intended or wants. Minority shareholders have limited statutory protections. Majority shareholders can make decisions that harm minority interests. Deadlocks in equal-ownership companies have no statutory resolution mechanism. Exit from the company requires agreement on valuation, which neither party is obligated to reach. The result is typically protracted litigation before the Saudi Commercial Court \u2014 at significant cost, over an extended timeline, with unpredictable outcomes.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"How long does it take to draft a shareholder agreement for a Saudi company?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"For a standard two-party LLC shareholder agreement, our firm typically delivers a first draft within 5 to 7 business days. Complex agreements involving multiple shareholders, significant IP contributions, regulated sectors, or cross-border elements may require 2 to 3 weeks. The timeline also depends on how clearly the commercial terms are defined \u2014 agreements where the shareholders have agreed on the commercial points before instructing us move faster than those where the commercial negotiations are still ongoing. We also review existing shareholder agreements within 3 to 5 business days.\"\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 1 \u2014 HERO\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-hero-section\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-hero-container\">\r\n\r\n    <nav class=\"sa-hero-breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\r\n      <a href=\"\/\" class=\"sa-breadcrumb-link\">Home<\/a>\r\n      <span class=\"sa-breadcrumb-sep\">\u203a<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/company-law-corporate-advisory\/\" class=\"sa-breadcrumb-link\">Company Law<\/a>\r\n      <span class=\"sa-breadcrumb-sep\">\u203a<\/span>\r\n      <span class=\"sa-breadcrumb-current\">Shareholder Agreement Saudi Arabia<\/span>\r\n    <\/nav>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-hero-badge\">\r\n      <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07M15 19.128v.106A12.318 12.318 0 018.624 21c-2.331 0-4.512-.645-6.374-1.766l-.001-.109a6.375 6.375 0 0111.964-3.07M12 6.375a3.375 3.375 0 11-6.75 0 3.375 3.375 0 016.75 0zm8.25 2.25a2.625 2.625 0 11-5.25 0 2.625 2.625 0 015.25 0z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n      <span class=\"sa-hero-badge-text\">Drafting \u00b7 Review \u00b7 Negotiation \u00b7 Saudi Arabia<\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <h1 class=\"sa-hero-h1\">\r\n      Shareholder Agreement Saudi Arabia \u2014\r\n      <span class=\"gold\">Protecting Your Position from Day One<\/span>\r\n    <\/h1>\r\n\r\n    <p class=\"sa-hero-subtitle\">\r\n      A Saudi company with multiple shareholders and no shareholder agreement is a dispute waiting to happen. The Articles of Association alone do not address how profits are distributed, how deadlocks are resolved, what happens when a shareholder wants to exit, or how the company is protected if a shareholder breaches their obligations. Saad A. Alabbasi Law Firm drafts and reviews shareholder agreements that protect the foreign investor's position under Saudi law.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-hero-actions\">\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-hero-btn-primary\">Get Your Agreement Drafted \u2014 Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"\/joint-venture-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-hero-btn-secondary\">Joint Venture Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-hero-trust\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-hero-trust-item\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6 11.99 11.99 0 003 9.749c0 5.592 3.824 10.29 9 11.623 5.176-1.332 9-6.03 9-11.622 0-1.31-.21-2.571-.598-3.751h-.152c-3.196 0-6.1-1.248-8.25-3.285z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-hero-trust-text\">Saudi Bar licensed \u2014 15+ years<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-hero-trust-item\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 21a9.004 9.004 0 008.716-6.747M12 21a9.004 9.004 0 01-8.716-6.747M12 21c2.485 0 4.5-4.03 4.5-9S14.485 3 12 3\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-hero-trust-text\">Clients across 10+ countries<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-hero-trust-item\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 6v6h4.5m4.5 0a9 9 0 1 1-18 0 9 9 0 0 1 18 0Z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-hero-trust-text\">First draft in 5\u20137 business days<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-hero-trust-item\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M20.25 8.511c.884.284 1.5 1.128 1.5 2.097v4.286c0 1.136-.847 2.1-1.98 2.193-.34.027-.68.052-1.02.072v3.091l-3-3c-1.354 0-2.694-.055-4.02-.163a2.115 2.115 0 01-.825-.242m9.345-8.334a2.126 2.126 0 00-.476-.095 48.64 48.64 0 00-8.048 0c-1.131.094-1.976 1.057-1.976 2.192v4.286c0 .837.46 1.58 1.155 1.951m9.345-8.334V6.637c0-1.621-1.152-3.026-2.76-3.235A48.455 48.455 0 0011.25 3c-2.115 0-4.198.137-6.24.402-1.608.209-2.76 1.614-2.76 3.235v6.226c0 1.621 1.152 3.026 2.76 3.235.577.075 1.157.14 1.74.194V21l4.155-4.155\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-hero-trust-text\">Free 30-min consultation<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 2 \u2014 WHAT IS A SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENT\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-light\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 011.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 001.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9-3.75h.008v.008H12V8.25z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-text\">What is it<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\">What Is a Shareholder Agreement\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">and Why Do You Need One in Saudi Arabia?<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle\">The Articles of Association create the company. The shareholder agreement governs the relationship between the people who own it. Without both documents working together, the legal framework for your Saudi company has significant gaps.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-what-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-what-text\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-what-body\">A shareholder agreement is a <strong>private binding contract between the shareholders of a company<\/strong> \u2014 separate from the Articles of Association filed with the Ministry of Commerce. Where the Articles create the company's legal structure, the shareholder agreement governs how the shareholders interact with each other, how decisions are made, how profits flow, and what happens when the relationship breaks down.<\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"sa-what-body\">In Saudi Arabia, the Articles of Association are a public document with standardised content requirements under the Companies Law. They cannot practically address the full range of commercial arrangements between shareholders \u2014 and many sensitive commercial terms should not be on public record. The shareholder agreement fills these gaps as a <strong>private, confidential contract enforceable between the parties<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"sa-what-body\">For <a href=\"\/foreign-investment-lawyer-khobar\/\">foreign investors entering Saudi Arabia<\/a>, the shareholder agreement is particularly critical. The default rules of the Saudi Companies Law \u2014 which govern in the absence of a shareholder agreement \u2014 frequently produce outcomes that disadvantage the foreign minority shareholder. A well-drafted shareholder agreement overrides those defaults and puts the foreign investor in control of the terms that matter most to them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-covers-card\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-covers-title\">A shareholder agreement for a Saudi company typically covers:<\/p>\r\n          <ul class=\"sa-covers-list\">\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Governance \u2014 board composition, voting rights, reserved matters requiring unanimous consent<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Shareholder contributions \u2014 capital, IP, services, and what happens on non-performance<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Profit distribution \u2014 dividend policy, repatriation, retained earnings obligations<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Transfer restrictions \u2014 pre-emption rights, drag-along, tag-along, lock-up periods<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Deadlock resolution \u2014 escalation, mediation, forced buyout or dissolution triggers<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Non-compete and non-solicitation obligations on shareholders<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Confidentiality and IP ownership \u2014 protecting the foreign investor's know-how<\/li>\r\n            <li class=\"sa-covers-item\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"\/><\/svg>Dispute resolution \u2014 SCCA arbitration clause, governing law, language<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-what-right\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-highlight-card\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-highlight-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25m0 12.75h7.5m-7.5 3H12\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <h3 class=\"sa-highlight-title\">Need a shareholder agreement drafted or reviewed?<\/h3>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-highlight-text\">Our firm drafts shareholder agreements for Saudi LLCs and JSCs \u2014 <strong>from the foreign investor's perspective, under Saudi law<\/strong>, with enforceability before Saudi courts and SCCA arbitration in mind from the first draft.<\/p>\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-highlight-cta\">Book Free 30-Min Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-warning-box\">\r\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 9v3.75m-9.303 3.376c-.866 1.5.217 3.374 1.948 3.374h14.71c1.73 0 2.813-1.874 1.948-3.374L13.949 3.378c-.866-1.5-3.032-1.5-3.898 0L2.697 16.126z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-warning-title\">The Articles of Association alone are not enough<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-warning-text\">Many foreign investors assume the AoA signed at formation covers their commercial relationship with the Saudi partner. It does not. <strong>The AoA is a public document designed to meet regulatory requirements<\/strong> \u2014 not to protect the private interests of individual shareholders. Every Saudi company with multiple shareholders should have a separate, private shareholder agreement.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 3 \u2014 KEY CLAUSES\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-dark\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label-dark\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12h3.75M9 15h3.75M9 18h3.75m3 .75H18a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25V6.108\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-dark-text\">Key Clauses<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title-dark\">The Clauses That Determine\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">Who Controls the Company \u2014 and Who Gets Protected<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle-dark\">Every clause below addresses a specific failure mode we have seen in Saudi shareholder disputes. Omitting any one of them creates a gap that a determined counterparty will exploit when the relationship deteriorates.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-clauses-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 17.25v1.007a3 3 0 01-.879 2.122L7.5 21h9l-.621-.621A3 3 0 0115 18.257V17.25m6-12V15a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 15V5.25m18 0A2.25 2.25 0 0018.75 3H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 5.25m18 0H3\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Reserved Matters<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Most critical clause<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">A list of decisions that <strong>require the foreign investor's consent regardless of ownership percentage<\/strong> \u2014 even as a minority shareholder. Without reserved matters, a majority Saudi partner can change the company's business, appoint new directors, issue new shares, or enter related-party transactions without the foreign investor's approval. Reserved matters are the single most important governance protection available to a minority foreign shareholder.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M7.5 21L3 16.5m0 0L7.5 12M3 16.5h13.5m0-13.5L21 7.5m0 0L16.5 12M21 7.5H7.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Deadlock Resolution<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Essential for 50\/50 companies<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">When equal shareholders reach an impasse, the company cannot act. A deadlock provision defines <strong>an escalation timeline \u2014 senior management review, mediation, then a forced buyout or dissolution trigger<\/strong> \u2014 that breaks the deadlock within a defined period. Without it, a 50\/50 dispute produces complete operational paralysis with no statutory resolution mechanism under Saudi law.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15.75 9V5.25A2.25 2.25 0 0013.5 3h-6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v13.5A2.25 2.25 0 007.5 21h6a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25V15\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Transfer Restrictions &amp; Pre-emption<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Prevents unwanted co-owners<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Restricts shareholders from selling their shares to third parties without first offering them to existing shareholders. <strong>Without a pre-emption clause, a Saudi partner can sell their stake to an unknown third party<\/strong> \u2014 potentially a competitor \u2014 and the foreign investor has no right to object or buy first. The clause must also specify the valuation methodology for any pre-emption exercise.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Profit Distribution &amp; Dividend Policy<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Controls cash flow to investors<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Specifies when profits must be distributed, the minimum distribution percentage, and the process for <strong>repatriating dividends to the foreign shareholder's home country<\/strong>. Without a dividend policy, the majority shareholder can retain profits indefinitely \u2014 effectively trapping the foreign investor's return inside the Saudi company with no obligation to distribute.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 9v3.75m-9.303 3.376c-.866 1.5.217 3.374 1.948 3.374h14.71c1.73 0 2.813-1.874 1.948-3.374L13.949 3.378c-.866-1.5-3.032-1.5-3.898 0L2.697 16.126z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Non-Compete &amp; Non-Solicitation<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Protects the business from shareholders<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Prevents shareholders from operating competing businesses or poaching customers and employees during and after their involvement in the company. <strong>Saudi courts will enforce non-compete clauses that are reasonable in scope, geography, and duration<\/strong> \u2014 but will void clauses that are unlimited or disproportionate. Our firm calibrates these provisions to Saudi judicial standards.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.5 10.5V6.75a4.5 4.5 0 10-9 0v3.75m-.75 11.25h10.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6.75a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">IP &amp; Confidentiality<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Critical for tech contributions<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">When a foreign investor contributes proprietary technology, know-how, or trade secrets to a Saudi company, the shareholder agreement must define <strong>whether the IP is owned by the company or licensed to it, the licence terms, and what happens to the IP if a shareholder exits<\/strong>. Without this, the company retains the IP by default \u2014 and the Saudi majority shareholder retains it after the foreign investor leaves.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 3v17.25m0 0c-1.472 0-2.882.265-4.185.75M12 20.25c1.472 0 2.882.265 4.185.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Drag-Along &amp; Tag-Along Rights<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Controls exit dynamics<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Drag-along allows the majority to <strong>force all shareholders to sell the company<\/strong> if a buyer wants 100%. Tag-along allows the minority to <strong>join any sale on the same terms<\/strong> \u2014 preventing the majority from selling at a premium while leaving the minority behind. Both must be carefully calibrated in the Saudi context, where MISA approval is required for any share transfer.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6 11.99 11.99 0 003 9.749c0 5.592 3.824 10.29 9 11.623 5.176-1.332 9-6.03 9-11.622 0-1.31-.21-2.571-.598-3.751h-.152c-3.196 0-6.1-1.248-8.25-3.285z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Shareholder Obligations &amp; Remedies<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Accountability for each party<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Specifies what each shareholder must contribute \u2014 capital, services, relationships, licences \u2014 and <strong>what remedies apply if a shareholder fails to perform<\/strong>. Without enforceable obligations and consequences, a shareholder who contributes less than promised has no contractual consequence beyond what the Saudi Companies Law provides \u2014 which is often nothing specific enough to be useful.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clause-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-clause-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M20.25 8.511c.884.284 1.5 1.128 1.5 2.097v4.286c0 1.136-.847 2.1-1.98 2.193-.34.027-.68.052-1.02.072v3.091l-3-3c-1.354 0-2.694-.055-4.02-.163a2.115 2.115 0 01-.825-.242m9.345-8.334a2.126 2.126 0 00-.476-.095 48.64 48.64 0 00-8.048 0c-1.131.094-1.976 1.057-1.976 2.192v4.286c0 .837.46 1.58 1.155 1.951m9.345-8.334V6.637c0-1.621-1.152-3.026-2.76-3.235A48.455 48.455 0 0011.25 3c-2.115 0-4.198.137-6.24.402-1.608.209-2.76 1.614-2.76 3.235v6.226c0 1.621 1.152 3.026 2.76 3.235.577.075 1.157.14 1.74.194V21l4.155-4.155\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-clause-card-title\">Dispute Resolution<\/h3>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-clause-card-why\">Determines how conflicts end<\/span>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clause-card-desc\">Specifies whether disputes go to <strong>SCCA arbitration or Saudi courts<\/strong>, the language of proceedings, the governing law, and the enforcement mechanism for awards. For most foreign investors in Saudi Arabia, SCCA arbitration provides a faster, more neutral, and more internationally enforceable result than Saudi Commercial Court litigation. The clause must be carefully drafted to cover shareholder disputes specifically \u2014 not just general commercial disputes.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-clauses-cta\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-clauses-cta-left\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clauses-cta-title\">Need all these clauses drafted for your Saudi company?<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-clauses-cta-sub\">Free 30-minute consultation to assess your shareholder structure and identify which protections are most critical for your specific situation.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-clauses-cta-btn\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 4 \u2014 WHEN YOU NEED ONE\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-tinted\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M6.75 3v2.25M17.25 3v2.25M3 18.75V7.5a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 7.5v11.25\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-text\">When You Need One<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\">When Does a Saudi Company\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">Need a Shareholder Agreement?<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle\">Every situation below represents a scenario where the absence of a shareholder agreement has caused real damage to foreign investors in Saudi Arabia. If your situation matches any of these, the agreement should be in place before the company begins operating.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-when-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Foreign investor partnering with a Saudi entity<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">The most common scenario for a shareholder agreement in Saudi Arabia. The <strong>cultural, legal, and commercial differences between international and Saudi business practice<\/strong> make a shareholder agreement critical \u2014 not as a sign of distrust, but as a clear framework that both parties understand and can rely on when commercial pressures arise.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M3.75 13.5l10.5-11.25L12 10.5h8.25L9.75 21.75 12 13.5H3.75z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Technology or IP contributed to the Saudi company<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">When the foreign investor's primary contribution is <strong>proprietary technology, software, processes, or know-how<\/strong> rather than cash capital, the shareholder agreement must define the IP ownership framework. Without it, the IP belongs to the company \u2014 and to the Saudi majority shareholder if the relationship breaks down.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Equal ownership (50\/50) structure<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">A 50\/50 company with no deadlock provision is particularly vulnerable. <strong>Any significant disagreement about company direction, management, or financial policy<\/strong> can result in complete operational paralysis \u2014 neither party able to make binding decisions, with no statutory mechanism to break the impasse quickly. The deadlock provision is the most important single clause in a 50\/50 agreement.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15.75 9V5.25A2.25 2.25 0 0013.5 3h-6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v13.5A2.25 2.25 0 007.5 21h6a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25V15M12 9l-3 3m0 0l3 3m-3-3h12.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Minority foreign shareholder (below 50%)<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">A minority shareholder in a Saudi company has limited statutory protections under the Companies Law. Without a shareholder agreement, the majority shareholder can make decisions affecting the company's direction, management, dividends, and related-party transactions <strong>without the minority's consent<\/strong>. Reserved matters and minority veto rights are only available through a shareholder agreement \u2014 not through the AoA alone.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12h3.75M9 15h3.75M9 18h3.75m3 .75H18a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25V6.108\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Company operating under a government or ARAMCO contract<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">Where the Saudi company's primary purpose is to execute a <strong>government contract, Aramco supply agreement, or giga-project subcontract<\/strong>, the shareholder agreement must address what happens if that contract ends, is not renewed, or is awarded to a competitor \u2014 and how the company's assets, IP, and relationships are distributed between the shareholders at that point.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.897 1.13L6 18l.8-2.685a4.5 4.5 0 011.13-1.897l8.932-8.931z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-when-card-body\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-title\">Existing company \u2014 no agreement yet<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-when-card-desc\">Many Saudi companies have been operating for years with shareholders but no shareholder agreement. <strong>It is not too late<\/strong> \u2014 a shareholder agreement can be entered into at any point during the company's life. The optimal time to negotiate it is when the relationship is positive and both parties are motivated to define the rules clearly. Waiting until a dispute arises makes the negotiation far more difficult and expensive.<\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-when-cta\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-when-cta-left\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-when-cta-title\">Does your situation fit any of these? Act before a dispute arises.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-when-cta-sub\">The best time to put a shareholder agreement in place is when the relationship is working. Free 30-minute consultation to assess your specific shareholder structure.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-when-cta-btn\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 5 \u2014 COMMON MISTAKES\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-light\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 9v3.75m-9.303 3.376c-.866 1.5.217 3.374 1.948 3.374h14.71c1.73 0 2.813-1.874 1.948-3.374L13.949 3.378c-.866-1.5-3.032-1.5-3.898 0L2.697 16.126z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-text\">Common Mistakes<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\">5 Mistakes Foreign Investors Make\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">with Saudi Shareholder Agreements<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle\">These errors appear in real shareholder agreements we review. Each one creates a gap that becomes the counterparty's advantage when the relationship deteriorates. All are preventable at the drafting stage.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-mistakes-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">01<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">Using an MOU as a substitute for a shareholder agreement<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">Memoranda of Understanding are not shareholder agreements. <strong>Most MOUs are not binding under Saudi law<\/strong> \u2014 they record intentions, not obligations. Foreign investors who rely on an MOU to govern their Saudi shareholder relationship have no enforceable framework when commercial disagreements arise. The MOU's \"good faith\" language is not a legal remedy.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Replace the MOU with a properly drafted shareholder agreement before the company begins operating. If a binding interim arrangement is needed, use a term sheet with specified binding provisions \u2014 not an MOU.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">02<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">Agreement governed by foreign law with foreign court jurisdiction<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">Shareholder agreements that specify English law, New York law, or another foreign law as the governing law \u2014 and foreign courts or ICC arbitration as the forum \u2014 <strong>may not be enforceable in Saudi Arabia for disputes about the internal affairs of a Saudi company<\/strong>. Saudi courts treat company governance matters as subject to Saudi law regardless of contractual choice.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Use Saudi law as the governing law and SCCA arbitration as the dispute mechanism. For enforcement of the shareholder agreement before Saudi courts or the Enforcement Court, Saudi law compliance is essential.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">03<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">No valuation mechanism for share transfers<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">Pre-emption rights, buyout provisions, and exit mechanisms are worthless without a <strong>defined valuation methodology<\/strong>. When a shareholder exercises a pre-emption right but the parties cannot agree on price, the mechanism stalls \u2014 and the process that was supposed to resolve the exit dispute becomes the source of a new one. Each party's appointed valuer produces a figure that serves their interest, and the gap between them is unresolvable.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Include a specific valuation formula in the agreement \u2014 audited net asset value, revenue multiple, EBITDA multiple, or independent expert appointment with binding decision power. The formula must be operable without the parties agreeing at the time of exercise.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">04<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">Agreement conflicts with the Articles of Association<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">When the shareholder agreement says one thing and the Articles of Association say another, <strong>the AoA prevails in dealings with third parties<\/strong> under Saudi law \u2014 and may prevail between the shareholders too in some circumstances. Foreign investors who draft a comprehensive shareholder agreement without ensuring it is consistent with the AoA find that the protections they thought they had are unenforceable against a Saudi counterparty who points to the public document.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Draft the shareholder agreement and the AoA together, or review the AoA before finalising the shareholder agreement \u2014 ensuring the two documents are consistent and that the AoA is amended where needed to support the shareholder agreement's provisions.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">05<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">Agreement only in English \u2014 no Arabic version<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">A shareholder agreement that exists only in English <strong>cannot be presented to a Saudi court or SCCA tribunal without certified Arabic translation<\/strong>. In urgent enforcement situations \u2014 applying for precautionary attachment, seeking a director removal order \u2014 a delay of even days while translation is prepared can be commercially catastrophic. Arabic-only versions also risk being misunderstood by the foreign shareholder who has not read the Arabic text carefully.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Draft the agreement in bilingual format \u2014 Arabic and English in parallel columns, with the Arabic version designated as controlling in Saudi proceedings. Both parties must read and approve the Arabic version before execution.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistake\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-num\">06<\/p>\r\n        <h3 class=\"sa-mistake-title\">No MISA approval process for share transfers<\/h3>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-desc\">Shareholder agreements that provide for share transfers \u2014 through pre-emption, drag-along, buyout, or exit mechanisms \u2014 often overlook that <strong>MISA must approve any transfer of shares in a foreign-owned Saudi company<\/strong>. A shareholder agreement that ignores the MISA approval requirement creates exit mechanisms that cannot legally be completed without additional regulatory steps the parties have not planned for.<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistake-fix\"><strong>Fix:<\/strong> Build MISA approval as an explicit condition and timeline element within every share transfer provision. The agreement should specify who is responsible for obtaining MISA approval, the timeline, and what happens if approval is delayed or refused.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-mistakes-cta\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-mistakes-cta-left\">\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistakes-cta-title\">Have a shareholder agreement with any of these problems?<\/p>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-mistakes-cta-sub\">Our firm reviews existing agreements and delivers a risk assessment with recommended amendments \u2014 typically within 3 to 5 business days. Free 30-minute consultation.<\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-mistakes-cta-btn\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 6 \u2014 SAUDI LAW SPECIFICS\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-tinted\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 3v17.25m0 0c-1.472 0-2.882.265-4.185.75M12 20.25c1.472 0 2.882.265 4.185.75\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-text\">Saudi Law Specifics<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\">How Saudi Law Shapes\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">What a Shareholder Agreement Can Do<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle\">Saudi company law imposes specific requirements and limitations on shareholder agreements that differ significantly from international practice. Understanding these before drafting prevents unenforceable clauses from appearing in the final document.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-law-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-law-items\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-item\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-body\">\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-title\">MISA approval is required for share transfers \u2014 always<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-text\">Any transfer of shares in a foreign-owned Saudi LLC requires MISA approval before the transfer is legally effective. <strong>A shareholder agreement that provides for share transfers without building in the MISA approval step creates mechanisms that cannot legally be completed as drafted.<\/strong> Every exit provision, pre-emption clause, and buyout mechanism must include MISA approval as a condition and must assign responsibility and timeline for obtaining it.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-item\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M2.25 18.75a60.07 60.07 0 0115.797 2.101c.727.198 1.453-.342 1.453-1.096V18.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-body\">\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-title\">Interest charges are not enforceable \u2014 use liquidated damages<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-text\">Shareholder agreements that impose interest on late capital contributions, delayed buyout payments, or withheld dividends rely on an enforcement mechanism that <strong>Saudi courts will not uphold<\/strong> \u2014 simple interest is considered riba (prohibited under Sharia principles). Late payment obligations must be structured as liquidated damages representing a genuine pre-estimate of loss. Our firm drafts all payment obligations with Saudi-compliant remedies from the outset.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-item\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 9v3.75m-9.303 3.376c-.866 1.5.217 3.374 1.948 3.374h14.71c1.73 0 2.813-1.874 1.948-3.374\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-body\">\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-title\">Penalty clauses are subject to judicial reduction<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-text\">Saudi courts have the power to reduce contractual penalties they consider excessive \u2014 regardless of what the parties agreed. <strong>A penalty that is disproportionate to the actual damage suffered will be reduced to what the court considers fair.<\/strong> This affects breach-of-obligation penalties, non-compete damages, and failure-to-transfer remedies. Penalty clauses must be calibrated to the likely actual loss, not to create deterrence through disproportionate amounts.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-item\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M3.75 21h16.5M4.5 3h15M5.25 3v18m13.5-18v18\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-body\">\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-title\">The Companies Law sets minimum shareholder rights<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-text\">The Saudi Companies Law 2022 grants shareholders certain minimum rights that cannot be waived by contract \u2014 including the right to inspect financial statements, attend general assemblies, and receive their proportional share of dividends when declared. <strong>A shareholder agreement that purports to waive these rights is unenforceable to that extent<\/strong>, even if both parties agree to the waiver. Our firm ensures the agreement works with, not against, the statutory framework.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-item\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-item-body\">\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-title\">Arabic version controls in Saudi proceedings<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-law-item-text\">In any Saudi legal or arbitral proceeding, <strong>the Arabic version of a bilingual agreement is the legally controlling text<\/strong>. A mistranslated clause, an omission in the Arabic version, or an Arabic text that does not match the English version will be enforced as written in Arabic \u2014 regardless of what the English version says. Both versions must be reviewed and confirmed by a qualified Saudi lawyer before execution. This is not a formality \u2014 it determines the outcome of any enforcement action.<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-law-right\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-cta-card\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-cta-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-law-cta-title\">Draft your agreement with Saudi law built in \u2014 not bolted on<\/p>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-law-cta-text\">Every provision in our shareholder agreements is designed for <strong>enforceability before Saudi courts and SCCA arbitration<\/strong> \u2014 not adapted from an international template that may not work in the Saudi context. Free 30-minute consultation to assess what your agreement needs.<\/p>\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-law-cta-btn\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-law-link-card\">\r\n          <p class=\"sa-law-link-title\">Related pages<\/p>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-law-links\">\r\n            <a href=\"\/joint-venture-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-law-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Joint Venture Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/contract-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-law-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Contract Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/company-formation-lawyer-khobar\/\" class=\"sa-law-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Company Formation Al Khobar<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/misa-license-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-law-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>MISA License Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/arbitration\/\" class=\"sa-law-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Arbitration Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 7 \u2014 ABOUT\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-light\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-about-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-about-image-wrap\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-about-image-container\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-about-image-inner\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/founder-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Saad A. Alabbasi \u2014 shareholder agreement lawyer in Saudi Arabia, based in Al Khobar\" class=\"sa-about-img\" loading=\"lazy\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-about-image-overlay\"><\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-about-badge\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-about-badge-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-about-badge-label\">SCCA Arbitrator<\/p>\r\n            <p class=\"sa-about-badge-value\">Shareholder dispute<br>resolution expertise<\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-about-content\">\r\n        <div>\r\n          <h2 class=\"sa-about-title\">Why Use Saad A. Alabbasi\r\n            <span class=\"line2\">for Your Saudi Shareholder Agreement<\/span>\r\n          <\/h2>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-about-underline\"><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-about-creds\">\r\n          <span class=\"sa-about-cred\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6\"\/><\/svg>Saudi Bar Association licensed<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"sa-about-cred\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 6v6h4.5m4.5 0a9 9 0 1 1-18 0 9 9 0 0 1 18 0Z\"\/><\/svg>15+ years Saudi company law<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"sa-about-cred\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 21a9.004 9.004 0 008.716-6.747M12 21a9.004 9.004 0 01-8.716-6.747M12 21c2.485 0 4.5-4.03 4.5-9S14.485 3 12 3\"\/><\/svg>SCCA accredited arbitrator<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"sa-about-text\">The most important qualification for drafting a Saudi shareholder agreement is not just knowing what the clauses should say \u2014 it is knowing how they perform when a shareholder dispute reaches a Saudi court or SCCA tribunal. <strong>As an accredited SCCA arbitrator, Saad A. Alabbasi has direct experience of how shareholder agreement clauses are applied, interpreted, and enforced in Saudi commercial proceedings.<\/strong> That knowledge shapes every agreement we draft.<\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"sa-about-text\">Our firm drafts shareholder agreements from the foreign investor's perspective \u2014 understanding that the foreign shareholder faces unique risks in a Saudi commercial relationship that a Saudi-focused law firm may not prioritise. <strong>Reserved matters, deadlock provisions, IP protections, and Arabic-version consistency<\/strong> are all areas where the foreign investor's interests diverge from the standard Saudi law firm template.<\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-about-actions\">\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-about-btn-primary\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/founder\/\" class=\"sa-about-btn-secondary\">Meet Saad Alabbasi<\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 8 \u2014 FAQ\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-tinted\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <div class=\"sa-label\">\r\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9.879 7.519c1.171-1.025 3.071-1.025 4.242 0 1.172 1.025 1.172 2.687 0 3.712-.203.179-.43.326-.67.442-.745.361-1.45.999-1.45 1.827v.75M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9 5.25h.008v.008H12v-.008z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n        <span class=\"sa-label-text\">FAQ<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\">Frequently Asked Questions\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">Shareholder Agreement Saudi Arabia<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle\">Common questions from shareholders and investors about shareholder agreements in Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-faq-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-faq-list\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-item active\">\r\n          <button class=\"sa-faq-question\" onclick=\"toggleSAFaq(this)\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-question-text\">Is a shareholder agreement required by Saudi law?<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\r\n          <\/button>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-answer\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-faq-answer-inner\">\r\n              No \u2014 Saudi law does not require a shareholder agreement as a separate document. The Articles of Association are the mandatory corporate document filed with the Ministry of Commerce. However, the AoA is a public document with limited flexibility, and it cannot practically address all the governance, economic, and exit issues that arise between shareholders. A shareholder agreement supplements the AoA as a <strong>private, binding contract between the shareholders<\/strong> \u2014 covering matters the AoA cannot or should not make public. For any company with more than one shareholder, particularly involving a foreign investor, a shareholder agreement is essential even if not legally mandatory.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-item\">\r\n          <button class=\"sa-faq-question\" onclick=\"toggleSAFaq(this)\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-question-text\">What is the difference between a shareholder agreement and Articles of Association?<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\r\n          <\/button>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-answer\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-faq-answer-inner\">\r\n              The Articles of Association (AoA) is a <strong>public corporate document filed with the Ministry of Commerce<\/strong> that establishes the company's legal existence and basic governance. It is required by law and publicly accessible. A shareholder agreement is a private contract between the shareholders supplementing the AoA \u2014 covering commercially sensitive matters like profit formulas, performance obligations, non-compete restrictions, IP contributions, deadlock resolution, and exit rights. In Saudi Arabia, if there is a conflict between the two, <strong>the AoA generally prevails<\/strong> in dealings with third parties \u2014 so the shareholder agreement must be drafted to work alongside, not in conflict with, the AoA. See also our <a href=\"\/company-formation-lawyer-khobar\/\">company formation guide<\/a> for how both documents are used at formation.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-item\">\r\n          <button class=\"sa-faq-question\" onclick=\"toggleSAFaq(this)\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-question-text\">Can a shareholder agreement be enforced in Saudi Arabia?<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\r\n          <\/button>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-answer\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-faq-answer-inner\">\r\n              Yes \u2014 a properly drafted shareholder agreement governed by Saudi law is enforceable before Saudi courts and <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/arbitration\/\">SCCA arbitration tribunals<\/a>. Enforceability depends on the agreement being correctly structured: it must comply with Saudi Companies Law, not contain provisions that violate Saudi public order or Sharia principles (such as simple interest charges), be executed in Arabic or accompanied by a certified Arabic translation, and include a <strong>valid dispute resolution clause<\/strong>. Shareholder agreements with foreign court jurisdiction, unlimited liability waivers, or riba-based payment provisions face enforcement challenges in Saudi proceedings.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-item\">\r\n          <button class=\"sa-faq-question\" onclick=\"toggleSAFaq(this)\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-question-text\">What happens if shareholders disagree and there is no shareholder agreement?<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\r\n          <\/button>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-answer\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-faq-answer-inner\">\r\n              Without a shareholder agreement, disagreements are resolved by the AoA and the Saudi Companies Law \u2014 both designed for general situations and frequently producing outcomes <strong>neither shareholder intended<\/strong>. Minority shareholders have limited statutory protections. Majority shareholders can make decisions that harm minority interests. Deadlocks in equal-ownership companies have no statutory resolution mechanism. Exit from the company requires agreement on valuation that neither party is obligated to reach. The result is typically protracted <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/commercial-litigation-law\/\">commercial litigation<\/a> before the Saudi Commercial Court \u2014 at significant cost, over an extended timeline, with unpredictable outcomes.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-item\">\r\n          <button class=\"sa-faq-question\" onclick=\"toggleSAFaq(this)\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-question-text\">How long does it take to draft a shareholder agreement?<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"sa-faq-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 4.5v15m7.5-7.5h-15\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\r\n          <\/button>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-answer\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-faq-answer-inner\">\r\n              For a standard two-party LLC shareholder agreement, our firm delivers a first draft within <strong>5 to 7 business days<\/strong>. Complex agreements involving multiple shareholders, significant IP contributions, regulated sectors, or cross-border elements may require 2 to 3 weeks. The timeline also depends on how clearly the commercial terms are defined \u2014 agreements where shareholders have agreed on the commercial points before instructing us move faster. We also review existing shareholder agreements within <strong>3 to 5 business days<\/strong>. Book a free consultation to confirm what your agreement needs and a realistic timeline.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-faq-sidebar\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-card\">\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M20.25 8.511c.884.284 1.5 1.128 1.5 2.097v4.286c0 1.136-.847 2.1-1.98 2.193-.34.027-.68.052-1.02.072v3.091l-3-3c-1.354 0-2.694-.055-4.02-.163a2.115 2.115 0 01-.825-.242m9.345-8.334a2.126 2.126 0 00-.476-.095 48.64 48.64 0 00-8.048 0c-1.131.094-1.976 1.057-1.976 2.192v4.286c0 .837.46 1.58 1.155 1.951m9.345-8.334V6.637c0-1.621-1.152-3.026-2.76-3.235A48.455 48.455 0 0011.25 3c-2.115 0-4.198.137-6.24.402-1.608.209-2.76 1.614-2.76 3.235v6.226c0 1.621 1.152 3.026 2.76 3.235.577.075 1.157.14 1.74.194V21l4.155-4.155\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n          <h3 class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-title\">Need a shareholder agreement drafted or reviewed?<\/h3>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-text\">Free 30-minute consultation to assess your shareholder structure and confirm the Saudi law protections your agreement must include.<\/p>\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-btn\">Book Free Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-divider\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-card\">\r\n          <h3 class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-title\">Related pages<\/h3>\r\n          <div class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-links\">\r\n            <a href=\"\/joint-venture-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Joint Venture Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/contract-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Contract Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/company-formation-lawyer-khobar\/\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Company Formation Al Khobar<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/arbitration\/\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>Arbitration Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n            <a href=\"\/misa-license-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-faq-sidebar-link\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>MISA License Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 9 \u2014 RELATED PAGES\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-light\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title\" style=\"font-size:30px;\">Related Services\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">&amp; Further Reading<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-related-groups\">\r\n\r\n      <div>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-related-group-label\">Company law &amp; corporate advisory<\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-related-grid sa-related-grid-3\">\r\n          <a href=\"\/joint-venture-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Joint Venture Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">When the shareholder relationship involves a formal JV structure \u2014 LLC, JSC, or contractual \u2014 with specific governance and exit frameworks.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/company-formation-lawyer-khobar\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M3.75 21h16.5M4.5 3h15M5.25 3v18m13.5-18v18\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Company Formation Al Khobar<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Forming the LLC whose shareholders need this agreement \u2014 MISA, CR, Articles of Association, and all six registration steps.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/contract-lawyer-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12h3.75M9 15h3.75M9 18h3.75m3 .75H18a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25V6.108\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Contract Lawyer Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Commercial contracts alongside the shareholder agreement \u2014 supply, technology licensing, and service agreements for the company's operations.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-related-group-label\">Foreign investment \u2014 by city<\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-related-grid sa-related-grid-3\">\r\n          <a href=\"\/foreign-investment-lawyer-khobar\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 10.5a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z\"\/><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 10.5c0 7.142-7.5 11.25-7.5 11.25S4.5 17.642 4.5 10.5a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 15 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Foreign Investment Lawyer Al Khobar<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Shareholder agreements for ARAMCO supply chain companies, Jubail industrial JVs, and Eastern Province energy sector partnerships.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/foreign-investment-lawyer-riyadh\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 10.5a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z\"\/><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 10.5c0 7.142-7.5 11.25-7.5 11.25S4.5 17.642 4.5 10.5a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 15 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Foreign Investment Lawyer Riyadh<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Shareholder agreements for PIF partnerships, government contract companies, and giga-project JVs in the capital.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/foreign-investment-lawyer-jeddah\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 10.5a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z\"\/><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 10.5c0 7.142-7.5 11.25-7.5 11.25S4.5 17.642 4.5 10.5a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 15 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Foreign Investment Lawyer Jeddah<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Shareholder agreements for trade, hospitality, and Red Sea Global project partnerships in the Western Region.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div>\r\n        <p class=\"sa-related-group-label\">When shareholder disputes arise<\/p>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-related-grid sa-related-grid-2\">\r\n          <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/arbitration\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 12.75L11.25 15 15 9.75m-3-7.036A11.959 11.959 0 013.598 6\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Arbitration Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">SCCA arbitration \u2014 the preferred route for shareholder disputes. Saad Alabbasi is an accredited SCCA arbitrator with direct insight into how these disputes are resolved.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n          <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/commercial-litigation-law\/\" class=\"sa-related-card\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 3v17.25m0 0c-1.472 0-2.882.265-4.185.75M12 20.25c1.472 0 2.882.265 4.185.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-related-card-body\">\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-title\">Commercial Litigation Saudi Arabia<\/p>\r\n              <p class=\"sa-related-card-desc\">Representing foreign investors in shareholder disputes, breach of agreement claims, and director removal applications before Saudi courts.<\/p>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <svg class=\"sa-related-card-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-related-breadcrumb\">\r\n      <span class=\"sa-breadcrumb-label\">You are here:<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"\/\" class=\"sa-breadcrumb-pill\">Home<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"\/practice-areas\/company-law-corporate-advisory\/\" class=\"sa-breadcrumb-pill\">Company Law<\/a>\r\n      <a href=\"\/shareholder-agreement-saudi-arabia\/\" class=\"sa-breadcrumb-pill\">Shareholder Agreement Saudi Arabia<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- ============================================================\r\n     SECTION 10 \u2014 CONTACT\r\n     ============================================================ -->\r\n<section class=\"sa-section-dark\">\r\n  <div class=\"sa-container\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-section-header\">\r\n      <h2 class=\"sa-title-dark\">Get Your Shareholder Agreement\r\n        <span class=\"line2\">Drafted or Reviewed \u2014 Free Consultation<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <div class=\"sa-underline\"><\/div>\r\n      <p class=\"sa-subtitle-dark\">Whether you need an agreement drafted for a new Saudi company or an existing agreement reviewed for Saudi law compliance \u2014 our Al Khobar office is available for in-person or remote consultations. First consultation free, no obligation. First draft in 5 to 7 business days.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"sa-contact-grid\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-contact-content\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-contact-details\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 10.5a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z\"\/><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 10.5c0 7.142-7.5 11.25-7.5 11.25S4.5 17.642 4.5 10.5a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 15 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-body\">\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-label\">Office Address<\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-value\">Al-Ruzayza Tower, King Fahd Road<br>Al-Bandariyah, Khobar 34424, Saudi Arabia<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M21.75 6.75v10.5a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25h-15a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25-2.25V6.75m19.5 0A2.25 2.25 0 0019.5 4.5h-15a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25m19.5 0v.243a2.25 2.25 0 01-1.07 1.916l-7.5 4.615a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.36 0L3.32 8.91a2.25 2.25 0 01-1.07-1.916V6.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-body\">\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-label\">Email<\/div>\r\n              <a href=\"mailto:saad@attorney.sa\" class=\"sa-contact-detail-link\">saad@attorney.sa<\/a>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M12 6v6h4.5m4.5 0a9 9 0 1 1-18 0 9 9 0 0 1 18 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-body\">\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-label\">Office Hours<\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-value\">Sunday \u2013 Thursday: 9:00 AM \u2013 5:00 PM AST<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-row\">\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 17.25v1.007a3 3 0 01-.879 2.122L7.5 21h9l-.621-.621A3 3 0 0115 18.257V17.25m6-12V15a2.25 2.25 0 01-2.25 2.25H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 15V5.25m18 0A2.25 2.25 0 0018.75 3H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 003 5.25m18 0H3\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-body\">\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-label\">Consultation<\/div>\r\n              <div class=\"sa-contact-detail-value\">Free 30-minute initial consultation \u2014 Zoom, Teams, or in person<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div style=\"display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;\">\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/saadaaw\/30min\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-contact-btn\">Book Free Shareholder Agreement Consultation <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n          <p class=\"sa-contact-disclaimer\">\r\n            <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.5 10.5V6.75a4.5 4.5 0 10-9 0v3.75m-.75 11.25h10.5a2.25 2.25 0 002.25-2.25v-6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6.75a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6.75a2.25 2.25 0 002.25 2.25z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n            All information treated with strict confidentiality\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"sa-contact-map-card\">\r\n        <div class=\"sa-contact-map-label\">\r\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M15 10.5a3 3 0 1 1-6 0 3 3 0 0 1 6 0Z\"\/><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M19.5 10.5c0 7.142-7.5 11.25-7.5 11.25S4.5 17.642 4.5 10.5a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 15 0Z\"\/><\/svg>\r\n          <span class=\"sa-contact-map-label-text\">Saad A. Alabbasi Law Firm \u2014 Al Khobar<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"sa-contact-map-label-sub\">Eastern Province<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-contact-map-iframe-wrap\">\r\n          <iframe class=\"sa-contact-map-iframe\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d4438.155053165699!2d50.2109957!3d26.3069527!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x3e49e94282089d41%3A0x8b692355a4c81dc7!2sSaad%20A.%20Alabbasi%20Law%20Firm!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sma!4v1764244896040!5m2!1sen!2sma\" allowfullscreen=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" title=\"Saad A. Alabbasi Law Firm \u2014 Al Khobar, Eastern Province Saudi Arabia\"><\/iframe>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"sa-contact-map-footer\">\r\n          <span class=\"sa-contact-map-address\">Al-Ruzayza Tower, King Fahd Road, Khobar 34424<\/span>\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/?q=Saad+A+Alabbasi+Law+Firm+Al+Khobar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"sa-contact-directions-link\">Get directions <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5l7 7-7 7\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script>\r\nfunction toggleSAFaq(btn) {\r\n  var item = btn.closest('.sa-faq-item');\r\n  var isActive = item.classList.contains('active');\r\n  document.querySelectorAll('.sa-faq-item').forEach(function(i) {\r\n    i.classList.remove('active');\r\n    i.querySelector('.sa-faq-question').setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');\r\n  });\r\n  if 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